A capacitor bank is linked in parallel (not in series) for power factor correction (P.F. correction) for several primary reasons:
1). To provide reactive power (kVAR) (Locally)
2). Maintains the System Voltage
3). Independent Operation
4). No interference with Load Current
5). Practical Design & Safety
1). To provide reactive power (kVAR) (Locally)
Inductive loads such as motors and transformers consume reactive power (lagging VARs).
A capacitor provides leading VARs & when connected in parallel, it delivers this reactive power immediately to the load, lessening the stress on the supply system.
This increases the power factor by canceling out the inductive effect.
2). Maintains the System Voltage
Parallel capacitor banks increase or sustain voltage at the load terminals.
A series connection would reduce voltage across the capacitor (similar to a resistor), which is desired in most power systems.
3). Independent Operation
In a parallel configuration, the capacitor bank runs independently of the load & can be turned on and off as required.
In series, the capacitors would be reliant on the load current & could not be adjusted independently.
4). No interference with Load Current
A capacitor bank in parallel does not disrupt the load’s current route.
On the other end, a series capacitor would obstruct current transit to the load, perhaps causing voltage dips or instability.
5). Practical Design & Safety
High-voltage capacitors in series would require insulation for the entire line voltage, which would be expensive and dangerous.
Parallel connections are more reliable and scalable.
To rectify power factor, connect a capacitor bank in parallel with the load. This provides
- Reactive power support,
- Improves voltage, &
- Allows independent operation without disrupting the load’s usual operation.
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