Since the terms “neutral” , " “earth,” and "ground are frequently used interchangeably, they are not exactly the same in electrical systems.
While “neutral” is the return path for the current in a normal circuit, “ground” (or) “earth” is mainly employed for safety, providing a path for fault currents to escape to the earth in the case of insulation failure, and should ideally not carry any current during normal operation.
Difference between Neutral and Earth and Ground
| Neutral | Earth | Ground |
|---|---|---|
| Neutral (N) provides a return path for alternating current (AC). | Earth (PE, Protective Earth) provides a safe channel for fault currents | Ground (GND) is a circuit’s voltage reference point. |
| Part of the power distribution network. | Utilized in electrical installations to protect against electric shocks. | Common in PCB, signal integrity, & power return paths. |
| Neutral is for power return. | Earth is for safety. | Ground ensures circuit stability. |