What is IR Drop?

Electrical
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What is IR Drop?

The power supply (Vdd and Vss) in a chip is distributed equally over metal rails and straps, known as the power distribution network (PDN) or power grid.

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Each metal layer has a limited resistivity in the PDN.

When current flows through the PDN, a portion of the applied voltage is lowered according to Ohm’s law.

Change in electrical potential that occurs between the 2 ends of a conducting wire when current runs through it.

V=IR

Types of IR Drop

There are two types.

1). Static IR Drop

2). Dynamic IR Drop

1). Static IR Drop

This occurs when no inputs transition in the circuit, resulting in a static condition.

2). Dynamic IR Drop

This occurs when the inputs in the circuit are constantly switching in a functioning condition.

Effects of IR Drop

  • The delay of standard cells is dependent on their power source.
  • If the power supply drops, the delay increases, affecting the design’s performance.

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