What are the different components of a DC motor?

Electrical
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What are the different components of a DC motor?

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In a DC motor , there are many parts which can be identified as carries out the main function of transforming electrical energy to mechanical energy. The primary parts include:

  • Stator
  • Rotor (Armature)
  • Commutator
  • Brushes
  • Field Windings
  • Yoke
  • Pole Shoes
  • Bearings
  • Motor Housing

Primary Components of DC Motor

Stator

The stator part of the motor which is the fixed portion having the field coils or the permanent magnet.

Since both the motor and generator work on the principle of electromagnetic induction, the main differences between them are related to their stationary member and rotating member, or stator and rotor.

Rotor (Armature)

The component which rotates while creating mechanical torque. Usually its main part is the windings through which current passes and experiences further influence of the stator magnetic field.

Commutator

An electrical switch which changes the polarity of the currents flowing through the rotor windings as the rotor rotates so as to maintain continuous rotation.

Brushes

Conductive materials which are usually of carbon diagram with the commutator enabling current to be supplied to the rotor.

Field Windings

Coils of wire attached to the stator that produces a magnetic field as electricity passes through the wire. They can be wired in series, parallel or as compound connections in order to affect the motor performance.

Yoke

The outer shell of the motor which have mechanical reinforcements and which encloses stators parts of the motor.

Pole Shoes

Electrical conductors that protrude from the stator and assist in controlling the flow of the magnetic field towards the rotor.

Bearings

Sustain the rotor, and let it to float in the stator.

Motor Housing

Housing the motor components so that the units are shielded from other factors and the operations are safe.

Functionality

When voltage is applied, current circulation takes place within brushes and commutator to the rotor windings for creating a magnetic field. The rotor of this field interconnects with the magnetic field of the stator through torque which makes the rotor to rotate.

The action of the commutator contributes to the fact that rotor keeps rotating in the necessary direction by changing the direction in the windings at the right time.