How does a Three-Phase Motor Control Circuit Work?
A three-phase motor circuit consists of two major components:
- Power circuit (380 V) &
- Control circuit (220 V).
The power circuit comprises
- Circuit breaker,
- Thermal overload relay,
- Contactor &
- Motor
which supplies and protects the motor.
The control circuit manages the start/stop operation with an MCB and an On/Off switch, safely energizing the contactor coil.
This configuration enables a low-voltage control circuit to reliably operate a high-voltage motor, providing both protection and efficiency.
Circuit Breaker (Power Circuit – 380V)
The circuit breaker (380V) protects the motor from short circuits & overcurrent failures.
Thermal Overload Relay
Prevents motor overheating by cutting power during overload conditions.
Contactor
An electromagnetic switch that operates the motor remotely via the control circuit.
3-Phase Motor
The primary load that transforms electrical energy to mechanical motion.
MCB (Control Circuit - 220V)
MCB (Control Circuit - 220V) protects the control circuit from short circuits (or) malfunctions.
Start-Stop Switch
Manually control the contactor coil to start or stop the motor.
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