Transformers use electromagnetic induction to convert input voltages to output voltages.
They have two windings:
- The primary winding, which receives the input voltage, &
- The secondary winding, which produces the output voltage.
Alternating current (AC) flows through the primary winding, creating a magnetic field in the transformer’s core.
This magnetic field creates a voltage in the secondary winding.
The ratio of the number of turns in the primary & secondary windings affects whether the output voltage is stepped up or down in relation to the input voltage.
- When the secondary winding has more turns than the primary, the voltage increases (step-up transformer).
- If it has fewer spins, the voltage drops (step-down transformer).
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