Substation equipment includes primary components for power transformation, switching, and protection such as power transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, busbars and instrument transformers (CT/PT). Other essential equipments include lightning arrestors, control panels, protective relays, capacitor banks, and earthing mesh.
These components manage, protect and distribute electricity safely.
Major Substation Equipment
Power Transformer
Steps up or down voltage, often the most expensive component.
Circuit Breaker
Interrupts fault currents, including SF6, vacuum, or oil types.
Isolator Switch (Disconnector)
Manually operated switches to disconnect equipment for maintenance.
Busbars
Conductors carrying high power, acting as a common connection point.
Instrument Transformers
(CT & PT) Current (CT) and Potential (PT) transformers reduce high voltage/current for measurement and protection.
Lightning Arrestor (Surge Arrestor)
Protects equipment from high-voltage surges caused by lightning.
Wave Trap (Line Trap)
Blocks high-frequency communication signals from entering substation equipment.
Capacitor Bank
Improves power factor and voltage profile.
Insulators
Support and isolate live conductors from grounded structures.
Protective Relays
Detects faults and sends trip commands to circuit breakers.
Earthing System
Earthing mesh and switches ensuring safety.
Control Room/Panel
Houses relay panels, DC batteries, and control switches.
Structures
Steel supports equipment, busbars, and conductors.
Auxiliary and Miscellaneous Equipment
Auxiliary Transformer
Powers the substation’s own lighting and cooling systems.
DC Supply
Arrangement Batteries and chargers for control and protection circuits.
Fire-fighting System
Protection for oil-filled transformers.
Switchyard Lighting
High mast towers for illumination.
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