L293D IC is an IC specifically designed as a DC motor driver and can be controlled with TTL or microcontroller circuits. DC motor controlled by the L293D IC driver can be connected to ground or to a positive voltage source because in the L293D driver the system driver used is the totem pool.
In 1 unit of IC, L293D chip consists of 4 stand-alone DC motor drivers with the ability to flow 1 Ampere of each driver. So it can be used to create H-bridge drivers for 2 DC motors.
L293D Pin description:
The function of DC L293D DC Motor Driver Pin
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Pin EN (Enable, EN1.2, EN3.4) functions to allow the driver to receive commands to drive the DC motor.
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Pin In (Inputs, 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A) are DC motor control signal input pins
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Pin Out (Output, 1Y, 2Y, 3Y, 4Y) is the output path of each driver connected to a DC motor
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The VCC pin (VCC1, VCC2) is the input point of the DC motor driver source voltage, where VCC1 is the input source of the voltage source of the driver control circuit and VCC2 is the input voltage source line for the controlled DC motor.
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The GND (Ground) pin is a path that must be connected to ground,
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This GND pin has 4 adjacent pieces and can be connected to a small cooler.
H bridge circuit working:
The motor controller is basically a current amplifier that takes a low current signal from the microcontroller and outputs a proportionally higher current signal that can control and control a motor.
In H bridge circuit the transistors are arranged in alphabet H shape. This circuit allows one switch to ON/OFF operation and reverses operation as well.
A bridge H is an electronic circuit that allows a voltage to be applied across a load in any direction. H-bridge circuits are often used in robotics and many other applications to allow DC motors to run forward and backward.
The H bridge is made of four switches S1, S2, S3, and S4. When switches S1 and S4 are closed, a + ve voltage will be applied through the motor. By opening switches S1 and S4 and closing switches S2 and S3, this voltage is reversed, which allows the inverting operation of the motor.
Featured DC Motor Driver IC L293D
The DC IC L293D motor driver has a complete feature for a DC motor driver so that it can be applied in several DC motor driver techniques and can be used to control several types of DC motors. The features of the DC L293D DC motor driver according to the datasheet are as follows:
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Wide Supply-Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 36 V
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Separate Input-Logic Supply
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Internal ESD Protection
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Thermal Shutdown
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High-Noise-Immunity Inputs
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Current 1 A Per Channel Output (600 mA for L293D)
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Peak Output Current 2 A Per Channel (1.2 A for L293D)
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Clamp Diodes Output for Inductive Transient Suppression (L293D)