The neutral line in an electrical system is sometimes believed as being fully safe to touch. But in certain conditions, the neutral wire can deliver an electric shock.
While the neutral is designed to be at (or) near ground potential, it still actively contributes to the circuit’s completion and return current. Touching it without taking adequate measures can be harmful.
Neutral Wire in a Circuit
In an alternating current (AC) electrical system, the phase (active) line delivers current to the load, while the neutral wire returns current to the source. If a load is connected & current is flowing, the neutral line becomes electrically active. Though its voltage to ground should be zero, it may be somewhat higher due to cable resistance, faulty connections, or voltage loss under load.
When Can Neutral Wires Shock You?
There are various instances in which the neutral wire may provide an electric shock:
Under Load Conditions: If current flows via the circuit, the neutral may return current. Touching it may cause the electricity to travel through your body to the ground.
Floating Neutral: If the neutral is unplugged at the supply point, can float to the full phase voltage because of imbalance, posing a major shock risk.
Neutral-Earth Voltage: In poorly earthed systems (or) in the presence of a heavy load, the voltage difference between neutral & earth can be sufficient to cause a shock.
Shared (or) Unbalanced Neutrals: In multi-phase systems, a shared neutral may carry a large current due to load imbalance, particularly in commercial settings. This raises the danger of shock.
How to remain Safe?
Always consider the neutral wire as live, particularly in electrified systems. Before contacting any conductor, use a voltage tester (or) multimeter. Measure the voltage between neutral and earth; if it exceeds 2-5V, the neutral may be unsafe to contact. Before performing any maintenance, be sure that the system is properly grounded & turned off.
Although neutral is supposed to be at ground potential, in real life, it frequently carries current & can be at a dangerous voltage. Yes, a neutral wire can provide an electric shock under some conditions, and it should always be handled with the same caution as a phase wire.
You can also follow us on AutomationForum.co, Facebook and Linkedin to receive daily Instrumentation updates.
You can also follow us on ForumElectrical.com , Facebook and Linkedin to receive daily Electrical updates.