Buck Converter (Step-Down)
Purpose:
Reduces the input DC voltage to the lower output DC voltage.
Output Voltage (Vout):
V out < V in
Typical Application:
Powering 5V (or) 3.3V devices with a 12V supply.
Working Principle:
The operating principle is to control and smooth voltage using a switch (similar to a transistor), diode, inductor, and capacitor.
Boost Converter (Step-Up)
Purpose:
Increases the input DC voltage to produce a greater output DC voltage.
Output Voltage (Vout):
V out > V in
Typical Applications:
Powering 12V equipment using a 5V or 3.7V battery.
Working Principle:
An inductor stores energy & releases it at a greater voltage via switching control.
Difference between Buck and Boost Converters
| Feature | Buck Converter | Boost Converter |
|---|---|---|
| Output Voltage | Less than input | Greater than input |
| Input Current | Lower than output current | Higher than output current |
| Function | Step-down | Step-up |
| Inductor Position | Between input and switch | Between input and diode/load |
| Efficiency | Typically >90% when well-designed | Typically slightly lower than buck |
| Complexity | Simple | Slightly more complex |
| Application Examples | Mobile chargers, CPUs | LED drivers, battery-powered devices |
| Utilization | Utilize a buck converter to reduce voltage. | Utilize a boost converter to increase voltage. |
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