Electric power lines do not behave like simple wires.
They have four important properties that affect how electricity flows.
Resistance (R)
Resistance (R) is like friction in the wire. It slows down current and converts some energy into heat causing power loss.
Inductance (L)
When current flows, a magnetic field forms around the wire. This stores energy and resists sudden changes in current.
Capacitance (C)
The two conductors act like a capacitor. They store electric charge and create an electric field between them.
Conductance (G)
Some current leaks through the air or insulation to the ground. This leakage is represented by conductance.
These four parameters exist along the entire length of the transmission line. Together, they decide how efficiently power travels from one place to another.