# Industrial Networking **URL:** https://forumautomation.com/c/networking/8.md?page=1 [Latest](https://forumautomation.com/latest.md) · [Categories](https://forumautomation.com/categories.md) · [Tags](https://forumautomation.com/tags.md) **Page:** 2 --- ## [What is a Firewall?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-firewall/10695)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 6, 2022, 5:03am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-firewall/10695 "2022-10-06T05:03:56Z")
A firewall is a type of network security device that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic and allows or denies data packets depending on a set of security rules. Its objective is to create a barrier between you… --- ## [HART protocol - Modulation, Characteristics](https://forumautomation.com/t/hart-protocol-modulation-characteristics/4536)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 3, 2018, 1:50pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/hart-protocol-modulation-characteristics/4536 "2018-09-03T13:50:31Z")
HART provides digital microprocessor communication providing analog process control and instrument control. It allows the use of intelligent devices where it was previously not possible. The protocol is 100% compatible w… --- ## [What is Purdue model?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-purdue-model/10608)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 25, 2022, 3:40am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-purdue-model/10608 "2022-08-25T03:40:49Z")
The Purdue Reference Model is a reference data flow model for computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), or using computers to control the entire production process. It is a component of the Purdue Enterprise Reference Arc… --- ## [What are network Backbones? What are the four different backbone devices?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-network-backbones-what-are-the-four-different-backbone-devices/2440)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 13, 2017, 8:28am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-network-backbones-what-are-the-four-different-backbone-devices/2440 "2017-10-13T08:28:44Z")
The devices which interconnect the various pieces of a network are called as backbones, signal transfer and data flow are assisted with these devices. Network backbones are designed to maximize the reliability and perfo… --- ## [What are the types of Serial Communication?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-types-of-serial-communication/915)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 25, 2016, 3:57am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-types-of-serial-communication/915 "2016-03-25T03:57:20Z")
Types of Serial Communication 1.RS 232 - Peer to peer (i.e communication between two device) 2.RS-485 Multi point (communication between two or more devices) 3.USB (Universal serial bus) Replaced RS232 on desktop comput… --- ## [What is SNMP in industrial networking?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-snmp-in-industrial-networking/6044)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 8, 2019, 5:49pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-snmp-in-industrial-networking/6044 "2019-03-08T17:49:35Z")
What is SNMP? Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol in the application layer to exchange management information between network devices. SNMP is a widely accepted protocol for managing and monitoring ne… --- ## [What is Domain Name System (DNS)?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-domain-name-system-dns/10737)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 1, 2022, 3:52am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-domain-name-system-dns/10737 "2022-11-01T03:52:18Z")
The Domain Name System (DNS) is the Internet’s phonebook. Domain names, such as forumautomation.com, are used by humans to access information online. Web browsers communicate using Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS t… --- ## [What is backbone ? What are the backbone devices?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-backbone-what-are-the-backbone-devices/928)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 29, 2016, 1:10am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-backbone-what-are-the-backbone-devices/928 "2016-03-29T01:10:57Z")
Backnones Signal flow and data transfer are assisted with in a network by various devices known as backbones. The four different backbone devices are 1.hubs 2.Bridges 3.Switches 4.Gateways Each device transports data… --- ## [What is ZigBee? & ZigBee PRO](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-zigbee-zigbee-pro/6622)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 27, 2019, 6:16pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-zigbee-zigbee-pro/6622 "2019-06-27T18:16:58Z")
What is Zig-Bee? ZigBee is a standard set of high-level communication protocols defined by the ZigBee Alliance for wireless networks. The organization’s task is to identify reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wireless … --- ## [What is Profibus communication?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-profibus-communication/5544)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 21, 2018, 2:27pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-profibus-communication/5544 "2018-12-21T14:27:12Z")
What is Profibus? Profibus (Bus Field Process) is the bus standard communication field in automation technology. Profibus stands for Process field bus. Profibus is an open digital communication system with a wide range … --- ## [OSI model layers vs TCP/IP](https://forumautomation.com/t/osi-model-layers-vs-tcp-ip/10102)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 5, 2022, 2:42am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/osi-model-layers-vs-tcp-ip/10102 "2022-01-05T02:42:19Z")
What is the OSI Model The OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection, OSI consists of seven-layer that are used by computers to make communicate over a network. It is developed in the early 1980s and is referred to as … --- ## [HART communtication | Highway Addressable Remote Transducer](https://forumautomation.com/t/hart-communtication-highway-addressable-remote-transducer/2383)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 4, 2017, 12:28pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/hart-communtication-highway-addressable-remote-transducer/2383 "2017-10-04T12:28:06Z")
HART is an important communications protocols used in plant automation. HART is owned by an independent, non-profit HART communication foundation. So that the technology is widely used across the globe as a standard. HA… --- ## [Why Wireless HART is used in industries?](https://forumautomation.com/t/why-wireless-hart-is-used-in-industries/6608)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 25, 2019, 5:09pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/why-wireless-hart-is-used-in-industries/6608 "2019-06-25T17:09:56Z")
What is Wireless HART? Wireless HART is the first open wireless communication standard specifically designed for process measurement and control applications. WirelessHART is a wireless mesh network communications … --- ## [OTDR testing & Its procedure](https://forumautomation.com/t/otdr-testing-its-procedure/10066)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 20, 2021, 4:29am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/otdr-testing-its-procedure/10066 "2021-12-20T04:29:59Z")
What is OTDR? OTDR stands for Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer. It is an optoelectronic instrument that is used to specify the character of an optical fiber. A series of light pulses are injected into the optical fiber… --- ## [Non-Incendive and Non-Incendive Field Wiring Apparatus](https://forumautomation.com/t/non-incendive-and-non-incendive-field-wiring-apparatus/4019)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 4, 2018, 11:41am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/non-incendive-and-non-incendive-field-wiring-apparatus/4019 "2018-07-04T11:41:19Z")
Both NI and NIFW are strictly Division 2 protection methods. They share the common feature that any electrical or thermal energy contained within the instrument’s circuits is incapable of igniting the combustible materia… --- ## [What is fiber optic cable and what are its types?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-fiber-optic-cable-and-what-are-its-types/10052)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 13, 2021, 4:23am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-fiber-optic-cable-and-what-are-its-types/10052 "2021-12-13T04:23:37Z")
What is fiber optic? Fiber optics is a technology that sends and receives data (information) in the form of light pulses over long distances using trends of fiber made of either glass or plastic. What is fiber optic ca… --- ## [Modbus Protocol Troubleshooting Issue](https://forumautomation.com/t/modbus-protocol-troubleshooting-issue/12197)
**Author:** [@automation\_engineer6](https://forumautomation.com/u/automation_engineer6)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [June 29, 2024, 5:46am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/modbus-protocol-troubleshooting-issue/12197 "2024-06-29T05:46:52Z")
I am working on a complex industrial automation project where multiple Modbus devices (both RTU and TCP) are connected to a central SCADA system. Recently, I’ve noticed intermittent communication failures with some of th… --- ## [IEEE-488 instrument bus | GPIB](https://forumautomation.com/t/ieee-488-instrument-bus-gpib/3340)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 26, 2018, 6:04pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/ieee-488-instrument-bus-gpib/3340 "2018-03-26T18:04:47Z")
IEEE-488 refer to the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering standard number 488 also known as General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB). This is a digital communication 8-bit parallel multi-master interface … --- ## [What are the limitations of Modbus RTU?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-limitations-of-modbus-rtu/1235)
**Author:** [@automate](https://forumautomation.com/u/automate)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 7, 2016, 8:03pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-limitations-of-modbus-rtu/1235 "2016-08-07T20:03:00Z")
Limitations of Modbus RTU 1.Maximum number of of devices - 32 Specification supports up to 247 slaves Limited to 32 devices,per RS-485 standard 2.Limited distances RS 232 - 25 ft (7.5 m) RS 485- 4000 ft(1.2 km) 3.D… --- ## [What is Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-simple-network-management-protocol-snmp/10732)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 28, 2022, 5:18am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-simple-network-management-protocol-snmp/10732 "2022-10-28T05:18:05Z")
The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) created the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) in RFC1157 as an application-layer protocol for transmitting management information between network devices. It is a protocol in… --- ## [Fiber Optics - Connecting fiber optics - splicing](https://forumautomation.com/t/fiber-optics-connecting-fiber-optics-splicing/4613)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 10, 2018, 6:09pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/fiber-optics-connecting-fiber-optics-splicing/4613 "2018-09-10T18:09:01Z")
What is Fiber optics? Fiber optics is a glass fiber which is used to carry signals in the form of pulses of light over distances up to 50 km without the need for repeaters. The term optical fibers indicate special forms … --- ## [What is Fiber Optic Cable Splicing and How to do it?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-fiber-optic-cable-splicing-and-how-to-do-it/10062)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 16, 2021, 5:34am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-fiber-optic-cable-splicing-and-how-to-do-it/10062 "2021-12-16T05:34:38Z")
What is Optical Fiber Optics? Fiber optics is a technology that uses glass or plastic fiber strands to send and receive data in the form of light over long distances. What is fiber optic cable splicing? Joining two f… --- ## [What is the ISA 100.11a Standard?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-isa-100-11a-standard/926)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 28, 2016, 12:42am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-isa-100-11a-standard/926 "2016-03-28T00:42:12Z")
ISA100.11a Standard The ISA100.11a standard was created to provide reliable and secure wireless operation for non-critical monitoring,alerting, and control applications. The standard defines the specification of -proto… --- ## [Important commands for HART Protocol](https://forumautomation.com/t/important-commands-for-hart-protocol/3112)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 7, 2018, 7:41pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/important-commands-for-hart-protocol/3112 "2018-02-07T19:41:26Z")
What is HART? HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) is an important communications protocols used in plant automation. HART is owned by an independent, non-profit HART communication foundation. This protocol wa… --- ## [What is Profibus DP and PA? What is difference between PROFIBUS DP and PA?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-profibus-dp-and-pa-what-is-difference-between-profibus-dp-and-pa/11286)
**Author:** [@Instrument\_Engineer](https://forumautomation.com/u/Instrument_Engineer)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 5, 2023, 10:22am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-profibus-dp-and-pa-what-is-difference-between-profibus-dp-and-pa/11286 "2023-07-05T10:22:50Z")
Profibus DP and Profibus PA are both industrial automation communication protocols. Profibus DP (Decentralised Peripherals) is a fieldbus protocol used to communicate between PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) and… --- ## [What is ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-icmp-internet-control-message-protocol/10734)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 29, 2022, 3:40am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-icmp-internet-control-message-protocol/10734 "2022-10-29T03:40:19Z")
ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol. It is a protocol at the network layer. It is mostly used on network devices such as routers for error handling at the network layer. Because many forms of faults might o… --- ## [What is Fault Tolerant Ethernet (FTE)?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-fault-tolerant-ethernet-fte/10727)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 27, 2022, 4:55am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-fault-tolerant-ethernet-fte/10727 "2022-10-27T04:55:45Z")
What is Fault Tolerance? Fault tolerant computer systems are designed to assure business continuity and high availability by preventing disruptions caused by a single point of failure. As a result, fault tolerance solut… --- ## [What is Network Storm?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-network-storm/10699)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 8, 2022, 5:18am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-network-storm/10699 "2022-10-08T05:18:16Z")
A network storm is also known as a Broadcast storm. When a network system is overburdened by continuous multicast or broadcast traffic, a broadcast storm arises. When separate nodes send/broadcast data across a network … --- ## [Network Protocols in industries](https://forumautomation.com/t/network-protocols-in-industries/3152)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 16, 2018, 4:52pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/network-protocols-in-industries/3152 "2018-02-16T16:52:18Z")
There are particular protocols followed in the communication to transferring data and files in industries. The protocol standards that help make this happen are as follows: Internet Protocol (IP) Transport Control P… --- ## [Network devices used in Communication networks](https://forumautomation.com/t/network-devices-used-in-communication-networks/5254)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 19, 2018, 11:50am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/network-devices-used-in-communication-networks/5254 "2018-11-19T11:50:26Z")
Network Devices: The building blocks of a home computer network include adapters, routers and/or access points. Wired (and hybrid wired/wireless) networking also involves cables of varying types. Standard devices (excep… --- ## [Fiber optic connecting procedure - Fusion Splicing](https://forumautomation.com/t/fiber-optic-connecting-procedure-fusion-splicing/4640)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 13, 2018, 3:32pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/fiber-optic-connecting-procedure-fusion-splicing/4640 "2018-09-13T15:32:24Z")
The fusion splicing is the method of connecting two fiber optic cable by melting the ends together using an electric arc. A splicing machine used to do this, the machine first has to align the cores and then apply the ex… --- ## [What is the difference between ControlNet and EtherNet?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-difference-between-controlnet-and-ethernet/11261)
**Author:** [@Instrument\_Engineer](https://forumautomation.com/u/Instrument_Engineer)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 22, 2023, 11:09am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-difference-between-controlnet-and-ethernet/11261 "2023-06-22T11:09:19Z")
ControlNet and EtherNet are both industrial automation communication networks, although they differ in terms of underlying technology, characteristics, and applications. Here is a thorough comparison of ControlNet and Et… --- ## [What is Network Address Translation (NAT) in networking?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-network-address-translation-nat-in-networking/10640)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 7, 2022, 4:26am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-network-address-translation-nat-in-networking/10640 "2022-09-07T04:26:45Z")
What is Network Address Translation? Network Address Translation (NAT) saves IP addresses by allowing private IP networks to connect using unregistered IP addresses. Before forwarding packets between networks, NAT conve… --- ## [What is the difference between Modbus RTU and Modbus TCP?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-difference-between-modbus-rtu-and-modbus-tcp/11401)
**Author:** [@Instrument\_Engineer](https://forumautomation.com/u/Instrument_Engineer)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 16, 2023, 7:17am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-difference-between-modbus-rtu-and-modbus-tcp/11401 "2023-08-16T07:17:51Z")
The two primary variations of the communication protocol Modbus, which is widely used in industrial automation and control systems, are Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) and Modbus TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)… --- ## [What is the most commonly used PROFIBUS DP transmission speed and is this acceptable?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-most-commonly-used-profibus-dp-transmission-speed-and-is-this-acceptable/1160)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 11, 2016, 12:34am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-most-commonly-used-profibus-dp-transmission-speed-and-is-this-acceptable/1160 "2016-07-11T00:34:03Z")
1.5 Mbps is the most commonly used transmission speed (76% of our inspected applications). This is the default speed when you create a new project in most PLC configuration tools. Many users don’t know what it comprehen… --- ## [9 Differences between Optical Fibre vs Coaxial Cable](https://forumautomation.com/t/9-differences-between-optical-fibre-vs-coaxial-cable/10356)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [April 16, 2022, 12:00pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/9-differences-between-optical-fibre-vs-coaxial-cable/10356 "2022-04-16T12:00:48Z")
What is optical fiber? Fiber optics, also known as optical fiber, is a technology that uses light pulses to transmit data along with a glass or plastic fiber. A fiber optic cable can contain anywhere from a few to sever… --- ## [ISA99 - Industrial automation cyber security system](https://forumautomation.com/t/isa99-industrial-automation-cyber-security-system/4225)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 25, 2018, 3:02pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/isa99-industrial-automation-cyber-security-system/4225 "2018-07-25T15:02:06Z")
ISA99 are cybersecurity standards developed by ISA (International Society of Automation) committee. The committee contains 500+ members representing different companies across the globe. The committee or the standards st… --- ## [What is Foundation Fieldbus, and how does it enhance industrial automation systems?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-foundation-fieldbus-and-how-does-it-enhance-industrial-automation-systems/11305)
**Author:** [@Instrument\_Engineer](https://forumautomation.com/u/Instrument_Engineer)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 12, 2023, 3:07pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-foundation-fieldbus-and-how-does-it-enhance-industrial-automation-systems/11305 "2023-07-12T15:07:18Z")
Foundation Fieldbus is a digital communication protocol commonly used in industrial automation for linking field devices in a process control system such as sensors, actuators, and controllers. It offers increased fe… --- ## [What is SINEC L2-DP compared to PROFIBUS DP?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-sinec-l2-dp-compared-to-profibus-dp/1161)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 11, 2016, 12:35am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-sinec-l2-dp-compared-to-profibus-dp/1161 "2016-07-11T00:35:42Z")
SINEC L2-DP is PROFIBUS DP (in its initial stage)! Siemens did at one time use their own names for product designation. However, since this proved to be confusing (with L2 in the name), the L2 part of the designation was… --- ## [Industrial cyber security](https://forumautomation.com/t/industrial-cyber-security/4303)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 4, 2018, 6:05pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/industrial-cyber-security/4303 "2018-08-04T18:05:27Z")
Securing the modern industrial network and IT infrastructure requires a comprehensive approach and a firm understanding of the vulnerabilities and associated protective measures. Network security originally focused on al… --- ## [Data acquisition card -- PCL-812PG](https://forumautomation.com/t/data-acquisition-card-pcl-812pg/4477)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 27, 2018, 6:42pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/data-acquisition-card-pcl-812pg/4477 "2018-08-27T18:42:29Z")
PCL-812PG card: PCL-812PG is a multifunction analog and digital I/O card. PCL-812PG is a multifunction analog and digital I/O card that features the five most desired measurement and control functions for PC/AT and co… --- ## [What is baseband and broadband?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-baseband-and-broadband/154)
**Author:** [@instrumen](https://forumautomation.com/u/instrumen)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [November 17, 2014, 1:12pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-baseband-and-broadband/154 "2014-11-17T13:12:06Z")
Baseband: Baseband uses digital signalling over a single channel Broadband:It uses analog signalling and a range of frequencies --- ## [What is the difference between Serial Communication Vs Parallel Communication](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-difference-between-serial-communication-vs-parallel-communication/914)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 25, 2016, 3:52am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-difference-between-serial-communication-vs-parallel-communication/914 "2016-03-25T03:52:17Z")
Serial Communication vs Parallel Communication Serial Communication 1.One bit at a time 2.Sync or Async 3.No data skew 4.Noise immunity 5.Simplex,half or full duplex 6.complex design 7.two/four wire Parallel Communica… --- ## [Encrypted control system using RSA](https://forumautomation.com/t/encrypted-control-system-using-rsa/5393)
**Author:** [@Flavio](https://forumautomation.com/u/Flavio)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 5, 2018, 8:33am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/encrypted-control-system-using-rsa/5393 "2018-12-05T08:33:56Z")
I am tying to implement an encrypted control system with Matlab using RSA encryption. The problem is that it is not working and i don’t get the correct output. In particular the scheme i am following is . My code is A… --- ## [What is Network Access Control List (ACL)?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-network-access-control-list-acl/10697)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 7, 2022, 12:25pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-network-access-control-list-acl/10697 "2022-10-07T12:25:09Z")
A network access control list (ACL) is a set of rules that specify which users or systems have access to a specific item or system resource. Enter control lists are also put in routers and switches, where they serve as f… --- ## [What is OSI Standards?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-osi-standards/10603)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 24, 2022, 5:15am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-osi-standards/10603 "2022-08-24T05:15:02Z")
The OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection, and it is made up of seven layers that computers use to communicate over a network. It is regarded as the first standard model for network communication, having been devel… --- ## [What is Gateway in networking?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-gateway-in-networking/10628)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 31, 2022, 6:26am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-gateway-in-networking/10628 "2022-08-31T06:26:03Z")
A network gateway is a device that connects two networks and allows devices on one network to communicate with devices on the other network. Without gateways, it would be impossible to connect to the internet, communicat… --- ## [How to design simple Data Acquisition System?](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-design-simple-data-acquisition-system/500)
**Author:** [@kmnskiran](https://forumautomation.com/u/kmnskiran)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [November 20, 2015, 12:42pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-design-simple-data-acquisition-system/500 "2015-11-20T12:42:03Z")
Analog Process values 4-20mA has to communicate to PC, then in PC suitable software has to generate a text file which consists of these process values, can any one suggest me --- ## [What is Network Time Protocol (NTP)?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-network-time-protocol-ntp/10736)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 31, 2022, 6:54am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-network-time-protocol-ntp/10736 "2022-10-31T06:54:18Z")
Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a protocol that aids in the synchronisation of computer clock timings across a network. This protocol is an application protocol that is in charge of host synchronisation on a TCP/IP networ… --- ## [Advantages and disadvantages of Modbus](https://forumautomation.com/t/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-modbus/11406)
**Author:** [@Instrument\_Engineer](https://forumautomation.com/u/Instrument_Engineer)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 16, 2023, 11:17am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-modbus/11406 "2023-08-16T11:17:31Z")
Advantages of Modbus Implementation Ease and Simplicity Modbus is famous for its simple configuration. Because of its ease of use, engineers and developers of all skill levels can use it, which facilitates speedy int… [Previous page](https://forumautomation.com/c/networking/8.md?per_page=50) [Next page](https://forumautomation.com/c/networking/8.md?page=2&per_page=50)