# Field Instrumentation **URL:** https://forumautomation.com/c/field-instrumentation/9.md?page=1 [Latest](https://forumautomation.com/latest.md) · [Categories](https://forumautomation.com/categories.md) · [Tags](https://forumautomation.com/tags.md) **Page:** 2 --- ## [Instrumentation :How to do Valve Sizing](https://forumautomation.com/t/instrumentation-how-to-do-valve-sizing/370)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 29, 2015, 7:43am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/instrumentation-how-to-do-valve-sizing/370 "2015-03-29T07:43:44Z")
Step 1 - Define System For Example : The system is pumping water from one tank to another through a piping system with a total pressure drop of 150 psi. The fluid is water at 70 0F. Design (maximum) flowrate of 150 g… --- ## [What is Packer test?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-packer-test/5759)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 19, 2019, 2:49pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-packer-test/5759 "2019-01-19T14:49:39Z")
What is Packer test? Packer test is done in borewells, which isolates a portion of boreholes to take samples of fluid in it and thus allows to test its. Packer test is used to find out the hydraulic conductivity and Inj… --- ## [Basics of Orifice plate pressure transmitter](https://forumautomation.com/t/basics-of-orifice-plate-pressure-transmitter/2563)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 3, 2017, 4:17pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/basics-of-orifice-plate-pressure-transmitter/2563 "2017-11-03T16:17:43Z")
An Orifice plate is a differential pressure transmitter used to measure the flow rate of fluid passes through a pipeline. A differential pressure transmitter makes a restriction in the flow channel which makes a press… --- ## [What is a bubbler level gauge?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-bubbler-level-gauge/2503)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 23, 2017, 8:24pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-bubbler-level-gauge/2503 "2017-10-23T20:24:21Z")
In a Bubbler level gauge, a bubbler tube is used to measure and indicate level. Air is forced to send through the bubbler tube. The bubbles come out of the bottom of the liquid level. The greater the height of the li… --- ## [Humidity Measurement - Basics and Instrument used for humidity measurement](https://forumautomation.com/t/humidity-measurement-basics-and-instrument-used-for-humidity-measurement/409)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [April 23, 2015, 10:56pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/humidity-measurement-basics-and-instrument-used-for-humidity-measurement/409 "2015-04-23T22:56:37Z")
3 types of Humidity Relative Humidity Absolute Humidity Dew point Relative Humidity can be defined as the the actual quantity of water vapor present in a given space expressed as a percentage of the quantity of water v… --- ## [Valve Sequencing in Fieldbus System](https://forumautomation.com/t/valve-sequencing-in-fieldbus-system/2996)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [August 8, 2024, 2:05pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/valve-sequencing-in-fieldbus-system/2996 "2024-08-08T14:05:09Z")
\##What is valve sequencing? Sequencing of two valves at different bench set, making each one respond differently to the same air pressure signal. Either the electrical signal or pneumatic signals will be common, cont… --- ## [Best practices for Differential Pressure Flow measurement instrument installation](https://forumautomation.com/t/best-practices-for-differential-pressure-flow-measurement-instrument-installation/2196)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 13, 2017, 5:12pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/best-practices-for-differential-pressure-flow-measurement-instrument-installation/2196 "2017-08-13T17:12:16Z")
Flow measuring instrument installation guideline 1.Keep impulse piping as short as possible 2.For liquid service,slope the impulse piping at least 1 inch per foot upward from the transmitter towards the process connect… --- ## [What is an expansion valve and what are its types](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-an-expansion-valve-and-what-are-its-types/8385)
**Author:** [@ashlin](https://forumautomation.com/u/ashlin)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 13, 2020, 2:22pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-an-expansion-valve-and-what-are-its-types/8385 "2020-06-13T14:22:04Z")
What is expansion valve and what does it do The expansion valves are used to decrease or change the pressure in a liquid, expansion valves are used in the refrigeration system. The function of an expansion valve in a re… --- ## [What is a flow control valve and what are the functions of flow control valve?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-flow-control-valve-and-what-are-the-functions-of-flow-control-valve/8288)
**Author:** [@ashlin](https://forumautomation.com/u/ashlin)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 17, 2020, 6:41pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-flow-control-valve-and-what-are-the-functions-of-flow-control-valve/8288 "2020-05-17T18:41:25Z")
What is a flow control valve and what does it do A flow control valve can regulate the rate of airflow, these valves would regulate the actuators according to the flow rate. These valves are also known as a flow regul… --- ## [Control Valve maintenance checklist](https://forumautomation.com/t/control-valve-maintenance-checklist/6083)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 14, 2019, 6:47pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/control-valve-maintenance-checklist/6083 "2019-03-14T18:47:20Z")
Control valve in the process industry regulates the flow of fluid passing through pipelines automatically or manually. This control the process speed, reaction, safety etc., So, it is important to maintain the control va… --- ## [What are the types of valve actuators?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-types-of-valve-actuators/2470)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 17, 2017, 7:59pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-types-of-valve-actuators/2470 "2017-10-17T19:59:25Z")
Actuators are the devices which drive the valve stem. There are different types of valve actuators used in valves according to different purposes and based on actuating principle. There are actuators such as: Pneumat… --- ## [Control valve accessories](https://forumautomation.com/t/control-valve-accessories/2989)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 16, 2018, 9:15pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/control-valve-accessories/2989 "2018-01-16T21:15:03Z")
Control valves are used to control or restrict the flow of fluids stream in a closed or open channel. Control valves are an essential part of the most flow process in industrial to increase the productivity, product qual… --- ## [Thermowells and Selection of thermowell](https://forumautomation.com/t/thermowells-and-selection-of-thermowell/2995)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 17, 2018, 7:34pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/thermowells-and-selection-of-thermowell/2995 "2018-01-17T19:34:26Z")
What are Thermowells? Thermowells are one of the most important accessories used in temperature measurement. A temperature sensor is placed in the flow stream to measure the temperature can be affected by pressure, flo… --- ## [Different between Nm3/h = m3/h?](https://forumautomation.com/t/different-between-nm3-h-m3-h/2408)
**Author:** [@abdo2013](https://forumautomation.com/u/abdo2013)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 8, 2017, 1:55pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/different-between-nm3-h-m3-h/2408 "2017-10-08T13:55:05Z")
The N stands for Normal. It means it was measured at standard temperature and pressure. Because the volume of gasses change with temperature or pressure, it is necessary to specify the temperature and pressure the flow … --- ## [Control valve preventive maintenance](https://forumautomation.com/t/control-valve-preventive-maintenance/4010)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 3, 2018, 5:10pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/control-valve-preventive-maintenance/4010 "2018-07-03T17:10:26Z")
There is no doubt that preventive maintenance can improve the performance and safety of control valve function. The control valve maintenance includes inspection of all valve parts, check the condition of auxiliary pip… --- ## [Resistance Thermometer (RTD), types, materials and characteristics and calibration](https://forumautomation.com/t/resistance-thermometer-rtd-types-materials-and-characteristics-and-calibration/5099)
**Author:** [@divyasree](https://forumautomation.com/u/divyasree)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 3, 2018, 2:12pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/resistance-thermometer-rtd-types-materials-and-characteristics-and-calibration/5099 "2018-11-03T14:12:08Z")
Resistance thermometer commonly dubbed as the resistance temperature detector and abbreviated as RTD are made of materials that have very high sensitivity to temperature. Change in the temperature is one of the cause of … --- ## [Types of chemical sensor](https://forumautomation.com/t/types-of-chemical-sensor/5576)
**Author:** [@divyasree](https://forumautomation.com/u/divyasree)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 26, 2018, 2:40am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/types-of-chemical-sensor/5576 "2018-12-26T02:40:10Z")
Chemical sensor A chemical sensor is a device that transforms chemical information (composition, presence of a particular element or ion, concentration, chemical activity, partial pressure…) into an analytically useful s… --- ## [How to Install a pressure reducing valve?](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-install-a-pressure-reducing-valve/2432)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 11, 2017, 7:00pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-install-a-pressure-reducing-valve/2432 "2017-10-11T19:00:08Z")
Pressure reducing valve installation setup: Pressure reducing valve reduces the higher inlet pressure to a steady lower pressure at the downstream. Pressure reducing valve is installed in between two isolating valves… --- ## [What are the advantages and disadvantages of thermocouple?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-thermocouple/1297)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [December 24, 2018, 5:06am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-thermocouple/1297 "2018-12-24T05:06:21Z")
Advantages of Thermocouple 1.Very wide temperature range (1.2 K to 2300 deg C) 2.Fast response time 3.Available in small sheath sizes 4.Low initial cost 5.Durable Disadvantages of Thermocouple 1.Decreased accuracy com… --- ## [What is a proportional valve and how does it work](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-proportional-valve-and-how-does-it-work/8349)
**Author:** [@ashlin](https://forumautomation.com/u/ashlin)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [April 9, 2023, 2:25am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-proportional-valve-and-how-does-it-work/8349 "2023-04-09T02:25:19Z")
What is a proportional control valve and what is the function of a proportional valve A proportional valve is a valve that is capable to change the output, in response to the variation of electrical input. These valves … --- ## [How to measure level using Load cell? | Open tank level measurement](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-measure-level-using-load-cell-open-tank-level-measurement/2539)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 30, 2017, 7:12pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-measure-level-using-load-cell-open-tank-level-measurement/2539 "2017-10-30T19:12:18Z")
Load cell For measure level of an open tank, load cells can be used. While we use DP transmitter for the pressure measurement of an open tank, the LP line should vent to atmosphere. So that the atmosphere change c… --- ## [The Differential Pressure Flow Measuring Principle (Orifice-Nozzle-Venturi)](https://forumautomation.com/t/the-differential-pressure-flow-measuring-principle-orifice-nozzle-venturi/451)
**Author:** [@instrumen](https://forumautomation.com/u/instrumen)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [June 21, 2015, 8:44am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/the-differential-pressure-flow-measuring-principle-orifice-nozzle-venturi/451 "2015-06-21T08:44:01Z")
The Differential Pressure Flow Measuring Principle (Orifice-Nozzle-Venturi) The most diverse substances are transported and distributed in piping systems every single day.They can include solvents and chemicals,oil and… --- ## [What is an RTD & Pt100](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-an-rtd-pt100/89)
**Author:** [@instrumen](https://forumautomation.com/u/instrumen)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [September 6, 2019, 12:25pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-an-rtd-pt100/89 "2019-09-06T12:25:34Z")
RTD – Resistance Temperature Detector RTD is a positive temperature coefficient resistance which provides a linear rise in its resistance verses the rise in temperature Pt 100 platinum resistance 100 Ohms --- ## [The Versatility and Reliability of Ball Valves in Various Applications](https://forumautomation.com/t/the-versatility-and-reliability-of-ball-valves-in-various-applications/11252)
**Author:** [@yunus](https://forumautomation.com/u/yunus)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 19, 2023, 10:53pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/the-versatility-and-reliability-of-ball-valves-in-various-applications/11252 "2023-06-19T22:53:37Z")
As technology advances and industries evolve, the need for efficient and reliable valve systems becomes increasingly important. One type of valve that has proven its worth time and again is the ball valve. With its simpl… --- ## [Control Valve What is Valve Rangeability?](https://forumautomation.com/t/control-valve-what-is-valve-rangeability/408)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [April 23, 2015, 10:41pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/control-valve-what-is-valve-rangeability/408 "2015-04-23T22:41:02Z")
Control Valve What is Valve Rangeability ? Rangeability is the ratio of maximum controllable flow to minimum controllable flow For the control valve selection rangeability is one of the important selection factor. Min… --- ## [Basics of Temperature Measurement](https://forumautomation.com/t/basics-of-temperature-measurement/690)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [December 27, 2015, 5:21am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/basics-of-temperature-measurement/690 "2015-12-27T05:21:51Z")
Major Terms used in Temperature measurement Thermocouple Measure temperature by correlating the the voltage differential between the junction of two different metal alloys and a reference voltage to temperature RTD M… --- ## [Piping connection for Differential pressure transmitter (DPT) on liquids, Gas and steam services](https://forumautomation.com/t/piping-connection-for-differential-pressure-transmitter-dpt-on-liquids-gas-and-steam-services/5884)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 8, 2019, 2:59pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/piping-connection-for-differential-pressure-transmitter-dpt-on-liquids-gas-and-steam-services/5884 "2019-02-08T14:59:27Z")
The differential pressure transmitter is a device which measures flow, which is used for both liquid, gas and steam flow measurement. The DPT is assembled with several other components in different lines, that are discus… --- ## [General Classification of Temperature Measuring Instrument](https://forumautomation.com/t/general-classification-of-temperature-measuring-instrument/1471)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 30, 2016, 4:58pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/general-classification-of-temperature-measuring-instrument/1471 "2016-10-30T16:58:04Z")
Instrument measuring temperature may be divided into two general groups. 1.Thermometer - Instruments inserted in or attached to the substances or body that is to be measured.Thermometer depend on heat conduction or conv… --- ## [What does a NAMUR sensor mean and how do you operate a NAMUR sensor at 8V when the available power at plant is 24VDC?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-does-a-namur-sensor-mean-and-how-do-you-operate-a-namur-sensor-at-8v-when-the-available-power-at-plant-is-24vdc/490)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [July 6, 2019, 8:23am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-does-a-namur-sensor-mean-and-how-do-you-operate-a-namur-sensor-at-8v-when-the-available-power-at-plant-is-24vdc/490 "2019-07-06T08:23:17Z")
NAMUR-compliant transmitters are designed to limit their output signals between 3.8 mA and less than 21 mA when functioning properly. Signals lying outside this range indicate some form of failure has occurred within the… --- ## [PID loop Simulator, Download PID loop simulator](https://forumautomation.com/t/pid-loop-simulator-download-pid-loop-simulator/7294)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 16, 2019, 8:08pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/pid-loop-simulator-download-pid-loop-simulator/7294 "2019-10-16T20:08:49Z")
What is PID loop simulator? The PID Loop Simulator is a very powerful tool that can replicate and assist any control system with tuning a loop and is intended for process industry professionals. Using this device, tunin… --- ## [What is an Electrical Pressure Transducer?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-an-electrical-pressure-transducer/2567)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 4, 2017, 4:33pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-an-electrical-pressure-transducer/2567 "2017-11-04T16:33:15Z")
Electrical Pressure Transducer Electrical pressure transducers use electrical circuit to convert the motion produced by the mechanical pressure elements into changes in electrical values. These values can then be measur… --- ## [What is Servo gauge system? How deos a servo gauge system works?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-servo-gauge-system-how-deos-a-servo-gauge-system-works/7180)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 23, 2019, 12:15pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-servo-gauge-system-how-deos-a-servo-gauge-system-works/7180 "2019-09-23T12:15:26Z")
What is a Servo gauge? Servo gauge system is used to measure the liquid level in large storage tanks. There are many tools and systems available that can provide a mix of measurements that will enable precise quantity e… --- ## [Control Valve Types](https://forumautomation.com/t/control-valve-types/372)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 29, 2015, 8:26am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/control-valve-types/372 "2015-03-29T08:26:54Z")
Gate Valves Best Suited Control: Quick Opening Recommended Uses: Fully open/closed, non-throttling Infrequent operation Minimal fluid trapping in line Applications: Oil, gas, air, slurries, heavy liquids, steam, n… --- ## [LRV and URV settings in digital transmitters, Sensor Trim and Output trim](https://forumautomation.com/t/lrv-and-urv-settings-in-digital-transmitters-sensor-trim-and-output-trim/5148)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 9, 2018, 2:38pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/lrv-and-urv-settings-in-digital-transmitters-sensor-trim-and-output-trim/5148 "2018-11-09T14:38:21Z")
Nowadays smart transmitters are used in industrial instrumentation. These devices have the built-in diagnostic capability, greater accuracy and the ability to communicate digitally with host devices to inform various par… --- ## [What is calibration and general calibration procedures?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-calibration-and-general-calibration-procedures/2600)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 7, 2017, 5:52pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-calibration-and-general-calibration-procedures/2600 "2017-11-07T17:52:37Z")
Calibration in measurement is the comparison of measurement values delivered by a device under test with those of a calibration standard of known accuracy. Calibration is the task associated with establishing an accurate… --- ## [Understand the basics of Orifice Plate](https://forumautomation.com/t/understand-the-basics-of-orifice-plate/1457)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 22, 2016, 4:05pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/understand-the-basics-of-orifice-plate/1457 "2016-10-22T16:05:59Z")
Orifice Plate The orifice plate is the most popular primary device (Flow Measurement). Orifice plates are applicable to all clean fluids. Orifice plates are not good for the measurement of fluid containing solids in s… --- ## [What is the function of key phasor?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-function-of-key-phasor/171)
**Author:** [@automate](https://forumautomation.com/u/automate)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [November 28, 2014, 8:00pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-function-of-key-phasor/171 "2014-11-28T20:00:13Z")
what the function of key phasor ? --- ## [Selection of Pressure transmitter](https://forumautomation.com/t/selection-of-pressure-transmitter/313)
**Author:** [@fadhil](https://forumautomation.com/u/fadhil)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [March 22, 2015, 7:25am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/selection-of-pressure-transmitter/313 "2015-03-22T07:25:42Z")
The most important parameters for selection of Pressure transmitter: Decide you wish to select a Gauge or an absolute pressure transmitter Know the max Design and operating pressure ranges so that you can take care of … --- ## [Working of LVDT- Linear Variable Differential Transducer & its advantages and disadvantages](https://forumautomation.com/t/working-of-lvdt-linear-variable-differential-transducer-its-advantages-and-disadvantages/2967)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 13, 2018, 5:54pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/working-of-lvdt-linear-variable-differential-transducer-its-advantages-and-disadvantages/2967 "2018-01-13T17:54:23Z")
Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs) measure linear displacements over a limited range. LVDT works under the principle of mutual induction and the displacement a non-electrical energy is converted into an el… --- ## [Sourcing and Valve calibration using Loop calibrator](https://forumautomation.com/t/sourcing-and-valve-calibration-using-loop-calibrator/3001)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 18, 2018, 8:45pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/sourcing-and-valve-calibration-using-loop-calibrator/3001 "2018-01-18T20:45:16Z")
What are Loop calibrators? Loop calibrators are troubleshooting equipment for 4-20mA current loop. These versatile instruments are generally capable of not only measuring current, but also sourcing current to unpowered… --- ## [What is Gas Chromatography? How gas Chromatography is done?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-gas-chromatography-how-gas-chromatography-is-done/2657)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 16, 2017, 3:52pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-gas-chromatography-how-gas-chromatography-is-done/2657 "2017-11-16T15:52:31Z")
What is Gas Chromatography? Gas Chromatography is the technique used for analyzing hydrocarbon mixtures. A gas chromatographer is a laboratory instrument. Gas samples are brought to the laboratory to test and put into… --- ## [Parts of a Needle valve](https://forumautomation.com/t/parts-of-a-needle-valve/10555)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 28, 2022, 4:05am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/parts-of-a-needle-valve/10555 "2022-07-28T04:05:55Z")
What is a needle valve? A needle valve is used to precisely control the flow of clean gases or fluids. For managing the flow rate, the modifications are progressive and smooth. They can also function as a dependable shu… --- ## [Types of pressure transmitters and working](https://forumautomation.com/t/types-of-pressure-transmitters-and-working/6212)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [April 5, 2019, 5:24pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/types-of-pressure-transmitters-and-working/6212 "2019-04-05T17:24:14Z")
The purpose of the pressure transmitter is to sense and transform a different type of pressure associated with a process into an understandable signal and transmit it over a considerable distance so that it can be used t… --- ## [How to install a pressure gauge on a pipeline](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-install-a-pressure-gauge-on-a-pipeline/3766)
**Author:** [@AbhimanyuMWarrier](https://forumautomation.com/u/AbhimanyuMWarrier)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [June 2, 2018, 1:24pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-install-a-pressure-gauge-on-a-pipeline/3766 "2018-06-02T13:24:25Z")
AIM To install a pressure gauge on a pipe line and to measure the pressure. EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED • Pressure gauge • Isolation valve • Bleed valve • Te connector • Spanner PROCEDURE Make the pipe line connec… --- ## [What is compressor surges?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-compressor-surges/7320)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 22, 2019, 6:48pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-compressor-surges/7320 "2019-10-22T18:48:29Z")
What is the compressor surge? Surge is a characteristic action that occur in the centrifugal compressor when the inlet flow is decreased so that the compressor’s head is insufficient to overcome the pressure at the comp… --- ## [What is P&ID (Piping and Instrument Diagram ) and learn to read P&ID](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-p-id-piping-and-instrument-diagram-and-learn-to-read-p-id/312)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 15, 2015, 4:53pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-p-id-piping-and-instrument-diagram-and-learn-to-read-p-id/312 "2015-03-15T16:53:37Z")
What is a P&ID? A. The acronym stands for Piping and Instrument Diagram. This is a document used to show a graphical display of a complete system or process with-in a plant. A system is a self contained portion of a man… --- ## [Control valve specifications and selection requirements](https://forumautomation.com/t/control-valve-specifications-and-selection-requirements/7505)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 3, 2019, 6:49pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/control-valve-specifications-and-selection-requirements/7505 "2019-12-03T18:49:58Z")
Control valves are the most widely used control element in every kind of process industry. Control valve selected for an application should be the perfect combination of specifications including valve body, material, t… --- ## [What is the importance of 4 to 20mA current loop?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-importance-of-4-to-20ma-current-loop/4163)
**Author:** [@areejsidhik](https://forumautomation.com/u/areejsidhik)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 20, 2018, 4:30am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-importance-of-4-to-20ma-current-loop/4163 "2018-07-20T04:30:22Z")
The Basics of Current Loop The current loop from 4 to 20 mA is a very robust sensor signalling standard. Current loops are ideal for data transmission. All the signalling current flows through all the components; the s… --- ## [Basics of Industrial Globe valves](https://forumautomation.com/t/basics-of-industrial-globe-valves/2553)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 2, 2017, 6:54pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/basics-of-industrial-globe-valves/2553 "2017-11-02T18:54:58Z")
Globe valves are control valves used to regulate the flow in a stream of water. The disk shown in the figure controls the flow through it. The disk which is suit to the seat moves up and down to control the flow. The… --- ## [What are the different types of vibration measurement instruments?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-different-types-of-vibration-measurement-instruments/877)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [March 20, 2016, 5:06am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-different-types-of-vibration-measurement-instruments/877 "2016-03-20T05:06:49Z")
Vibration Measurement Instruments. You can understand the basics of Vibration measurement from following article. Basics of Vibration Measurement Transducer A transducer is a device for converting the mechanical motio… [Previous page](https://forumautomation.com/c/field-instrumentation/9.md?per_page=50) [Next page](https://forumautomation.com/c/field-instrumentation/9.md?page=2&per_page=50)