# Field Instrumentation **URL:** https://forumautomation.com/c/field-instrumentation/9.md [Latest](https://forumautomation.com/latest.md) · [Categories](https://forumautomation.com/categories.md) · [Tags](https://forumautomation.com/tags.md) --- ## [Pressure transducer and types of electric pressure transducer](https://forumautomation.com/t/pressure-transducer-and-types-of-electric-pressure-transducer/7127)
**Author:** [@ashlin](https://forumautomation.com/u/ashlin)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [May 12, 2025, 8:54am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/pressure-transducer-and-types-of-electric-pressure-transducer/7127 "2025-05-12T08:54:43Z")
What is a Transducer A transducer is a device which can convert a non-electrical physical quantity into an electrical signal, in other words, it can convert the energy of one to another. Energy forms can be mechanical, … --- ## [Working of Rotameter / Variable area flowmeter](https://forumautomation.com/t/working-of-rotameter-variable-area-flowmeter/2978)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 15, 2018, 3:06pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/working-of-rotameter-variable-area-flowmeter/2978 "2018-01-15T15:06:13Z")
What is a rotameter? Rotameter is variable area flowmeter used to measure fluid flow. It works on the principle of upthrust force exerted by fluid and force of gravity. The buoyant force exerted on an immersed object i… --- ## [What is an Instrumentation Loop Diagram?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-an-instrumentation-loop-diagram/2577)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 5, 2017, 12:40am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-an-instrumentation-loop-diagram/2577 "2017-11-05T00:40:51Z")
Instrumentation diagrams are used for understanding the process system. P&ID that is Piping and instrument diagrams or Process instrumentation diagrams show you each loop in the system, the instruments that comprise loo… --- ## [How to calibrate pressure gauge? Using Dead weight Tester](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-calibrate-pressure-gauge-using-dead-weight-tester/2434)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 12, 2017, 12:41pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-calibrate-pressure-gauge-using-dead-weight-tester/2434 "2017-10-12T12:41:52Z")
Pressure gauge calibration is done using dead weight tester. Before going to the calibration procedures, one must ensure that there is enough fluid in the dead weight tester so that pressure in the tester can transmit p… --- ## [Types of Control Valves - Application, Advantages and Disadvantages](https://forumautomation.com/t/types-of-control-valves-application-advantages-and-disadvantages/955)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 5\ **Last updated:** [February 27, 2024, 11:42am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/types-of-control-valves-application-advantages-and-disadvantages/955 "2024-02-27T11:42:05Z")
Control Valve The control valve commonly named the final control element of control contains a pneumatic device that convert the control signal from the controller in action regulating the process fluid flow. Valves m… --- ## [Process Diagram Symbols](https://forumautomation.com/t/process-diagram-symbols/663)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [December 13, 2015, 7:12am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/process-diagram-symbols/663 "2015-12-13T07:12:59Z")
Types of Process Diagrams 1.Process Flow Diagram A flow diagram is a simple illustration that uses process symbols to describe the primary flow path through a unit 2.Process and Instrument drawing A process and instr… --- ## [How to calibrate a RTD using process calibrator?](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-calibrate-a-rtd-using-process-calibrator/2390)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 5, 2017, 4:33pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-calibrate-a-rtd-using-process-calibrator/2390 "2017-10-05T16:33:05Z")
RTD is a temperature transducer. Before installing the transducer we have to calibrate the transducer. For that we need process calibrator. A processor calibrator is the device used to calibrate the transducer. The cali… --- ## [Types of pressure gauge based on the working principle](https://forumautomation.com/t/types-of-pressure-gauge-based-on-the-working-principle/2709)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [April 8, 2018, 5:30pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/types-of-pressure-gauge-based-on-the-working-principle/2709 "2018-04-08T17:30:11Z")
Pressure gauges are devices used to measure pressure, all pressure gauges have their own sensing element, which senses the value of the measured quantity. There are different types of pressure gauge available, common ty… --- ## [How to identify thermocouple and RTD?](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-identify-thermocouple-and-rtd/1299)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 31, 2016, 4:03am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-identify-thermocouple-and-rtd/1299 "2016-08-31T04:03:35Z")
How to identify whether temperature sensor is RTD or Thermocouple? 1.Lead Wires RTD has two,three or four leads per sensing element Thermocouple has two leads per junction RTD typically have red,white,green or black le… --- ## [Crude Oil Refining](https://forumautomation.com/t/crude-oil-refining/7385)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 4, 2019, 7:14pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/crude-oil-refining/7385 "2019-11-04T19:14:05Z")
What is Crude Oil? Crude Oil is a mixture of compounds containing hydrocarbons as it found in nature formed due to the processing of decays of woods for millions of years. Compounds present in crude oil are gases, napht… --- ## [How to choose a Flowmeter?](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-choose-a-flowmeter/7609)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [September 2, 2020, 7:20am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-choose-a-flowmeter/7609 "2020-09-02T07:20:39Z")
Flowmeters are very important equipments installed for process flow measurement. The key to success is to select the right flow meter while choosing the wrong one means nothing but trouble. There are many criteria sh… --- ## [Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams Tutorials on Pressure Control](https://forumautomation.com/t/piping-instrumentation-diagrams-tutorials-on-pressure-control/10661)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 21, 2022, 4:06am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/piping-instrumentation-diagrams-tutorials-on-pressure-control/10661 "2022-09-21T04:06:27Z")
In this article, we will study pressure control through P&ID Diagrams Generally, we all know about the terms P&ID and pressure. Pressure Monitoring and Controlling in P&ID The monitoring and controlling of pressure… --- ## [How to calibrate pneumatic control valve positioner?](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-calibrate-pneumatic-control-valve-positioner/2922)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [August 11, 2021, 8:54am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-calibrate-pneumatic-control-valve-positioner/2922 "2021-08-11T08:54:30Z")
Valve Positioners are devices used to put the valve in the correct position by increasing or decreasing the air load pressure on the actuator. Valve positioners are used for controlling valve where accurate and rapid co… --- ## [Symbols and Standards: Instrument Abbreviation](https://forumautomation.com/t/symbols-and-standards-instrument-abbreviation/43)
**Author:** [@aneez](https://forumautomation.com/u/aneez)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [March 29, 2020, 4:34am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/symbols-and-standards-instrument-abbreviation/43 "2020-03-29T04:34:38Z")
PRESSURE  P : PRESSURE  PI : PRESSURE INDICATOR  PG : PRESSURE GAUGE  PCV : PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE  PT : PRESSURE TRANSMITTER  PIT : PRESSURE INDICATING TRANSMITTER  PIC : PRESSURE INDICATING CONT… --- ## [What is RTD wire compensation?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-rtd-wire-compensation/2862)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [August 14, 2024, 10:21am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-rtd-wire-compensation/2862 "2024-08-14T10:21:04Z")
RTDs (Resistance Temperature Detectors) are temperature detectors which change their resistance when there is a change in temperature. RTDs are used for continuous temperature measurement, which shows positive temperatur… --- ## [What are the usual problems of control valves?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-usual-problems-of-control-valves/4702)
**Author:** [@rajeena](https://forumautomation.com/u/rajeena)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [April 22, 2023, 6:30am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-usual-problems-of-control-valves/4702 "2023-04-22T06:30:41Z")
What are the usual problems of control valves? The problems of control valves usually manifest themselves as stiction, deadband and hysteresis. Deadband Dead band is also called neutral zone or dead zone. Deadband is … --- ## [List of Important Valve installation standards](https://forumautomation.com/t/list-of-important-valve-installation-standards/6794)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 20, 2019, 6:49pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/list-of-important-valve-installation-standards/6794 "2019-07-20T18:49:32Z")
Valve installations are subject to numerous standards and specifications issued by many supporting organizations. Valve standards are vibrant documents representing engineering practices, variations in market requirem… --- ## [Ladder logic programming for Piston movement](https://forumautomation.com/t/ladder-logic-programming-for-piston-movement/5620)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 1, 2019, 4:31pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/ladder-logic-programming-for-piston-movement/5620 "2019-01-01T16:31:58Z")
There are two types of piston movements while considering programming, cyclic movement and sequential movement. Cyclic movement of a piston: Consider the task of obtaining the cyclic movement of a piston in a cylinde… --- ## [Different types of Control valve calibration:](https://forumautomation.com/t/different-types-of-control-valve-calibration/7425)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 15, 2019, 7:04pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/different-types-of-control-valve-calibration/7425 "2019-11-15T19:04:23Z")
Control valves are essential components of process industry thus it make really important to calibrate control valve periodically. There are importantly two ways to calibrate a control valve. Stroke Calibration I/P … --- ## [8 Things You Need to Know When Selecting a Pressure Gauge](https://forumautomation.com/t/8-things-you-need-to-know-when-selecting-a-pressure-gauge/1818)
**Author:** [@Sajid](https://forumautomation.com/u/Sajid)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 11, 2017, 6:08am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/8-things-you-need-to-know-when-selecting-a-pressure-gauge/1818 "2017-03-11T06:08:56Z")
Mechanical pressure gauges are a reliable source of accurate pressure measurement. While its use and requirements may vary from one industry to another, following are the 8 factors that you need to keep in mind while sel… --- ## [How a current to pressure transmitter (I to P transmitter) works?](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-a-current-to-pressure-transmitter-i-to-p-transmitter-works/7085)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 4, 2019, 10:42am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-a-current-to-pressure-transmitter-i-to-p-transmitter-works/7085 "2019-09-04T10:42:59Z")
What is an I to P converter? An I to P transducer converts an analog electrical signal (4-20mA) to corresponding pneumatic pressure signal (3-15psi). Its aim is to translate a control system’s analog output into a accur… --- ## [Transmitters in process industry](https://forumautomation.com/t/transmitters-in-process-industry/4692)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 19, 2018, 6:04pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/transmitters-in-process-industry/4692 "2018-09-19T18:04:31Z")
What is a transmitter? A transmitter is a device that converts readings from a primary sensor or transducer into a standard signal and sends the signal to a monitor or controller. Standard signals include the 3-15psi pre… --- ## [P&ID Symbols - General Instrument and Function symbols](https://forumautomation.com/t/p-id-symbols-general-instrument-and-function-symbols/2580)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 5, 2017, 4:44am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/p-id-symbols-general-instrument-and-function-symbols/2580 "2017-11-05T04:44:28Z")
Basics of Symbols used in an Instrumentation Diagram You may be already familiar with many of the symbols used in instrumentation diagrams. Understanding this helps to interpret these diagrams for troubleshooting or dia… --- ## [What is NAMUR NE 43 in 4-20mA signal?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-namur-ne-43-in-4-20ma-signal/7441)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 20, 2019, 6:53pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-namur-ne-43-in-4-20ma-signal/7441 "2019-11-20T18:53:43Z")
As we all know 4-20mA signal is widely used in process industry, majority of transmitters, controllers work in this signal range. That means a perfectly working equipment will transmit signal with in 4-20mA range and a v… --- ## [Types of control valve positioner](https://forumautomation.com/t/types-of-control-valve-positioner/2912)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [January 2, 2018, 7:03pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/types-of-control-valve-positioner/2912 "2018-01-02T19:03:39Z")
What are valve positioners? Valve Positioners are devices used to put the valve in the correct position by increasing or decreasing the air load pressure on the actuator. Valve positioners are used for controlling valv… --- ## [4-20 mA Current loop - Calculation of process variable](https://forumautomation.com/t/4-20-ma-current-loop-calculation-of-process-variable/3968)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 29, 2018, 5:56pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/4-20-ma-current-loop-calculation-of-process-variable/3968 "2018-06-29T17:56:10Z")
What is 4-20mA signal? Analog instrumentation in an industry is based on the signal transmission of the process variable in a standard range of 4-20mA, 1-5 VDC. A process variable such as pressure, temperature, flow, l… --- ## [Tube bending using tube bender](https://forumautomation.com/t/tube-bending-using-tube-bender/4825)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 2, 2018, 4:51pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/tube-bending-using-tube-bender/4825 "2018-10-02T16:51:21Z")
Why tube bending is needed? Tube bending is especially when done with stainless steel tubing. Tube bending is to eliminate as many connections as possible. Connections invite leaks, and leaks are problematic. Long run… --- ## [Thermocouple signal converters](https://forumautomation.com/t/thermocouple-signal-converters/3344)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 27, 2018, 7:48am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/thermocouple-signal-converters/3344 "2018-03-27T07:48:09Z")
What is a thermocouple? l A thermocouple is an active transducer which measures temperature, which works under the principle of Seebeck, Peltier, Thomson effect. The thermocouple is the transducer which directly conv… --- ## [How to calibrate a Smart transmitter?](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-calibrate-a-smart-transmitter/6529)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 11, 2019, 7:06pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-to-calibrate-a-smart-transmitter/6529 "2019-06-11T19:06:30Z")
The smart transmitter should not be calibrated just like the conventional analog transmitter calibrate. Analog transmitters are calibrated by applying a physical input and turning the trim potentiometers to adjust the… --- ## [What are the Types of Flow?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-types-of-flow/973)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [April 10, 2016, 1:05am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-types-of-flow/973 "2016-04-10T01:05:21Z")
Types of Flow 1.Steady Flow A flow is said to be steady when Pressure,Velocity,Temperature.Do not change with time at a point in the fluid. 2.Unsteady flow A flow is said to be unsteady when temperature,pressure,velo… --- ## [What is a venturi meter and how does it work](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-venturi-meter-and-how-does-it-work/8455)
**Author:** [@ashlin](https://forumautomation.com/u/ashlin)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [August 19, 2020, 5:29am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-venturi-meter-and-how-does-it-work/8455 "2020-08-19T05:29:22Z")
What is a venturi meter and where is it used A venturi meter is a device that can be used to measure the fluid flow in a pipeline. The flow velocity of the fluid can also be increased by using a venturi meter. A ventu… --- ## [What are the types of Instrument Errors and what is Calibration](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-types-of-instrument-errors-and-what-is-calibration/2394)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 6, 2017, 11:09am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-the-types-of-instrument-errors-and-what-is-calibration/2394 "2017-10-06T11:09:03Z")
Instrument Error: Always the measured value of an instrument cannot be an actual value or true value. If the measured value is very close to the true value, we call it to be a very accurate measuring system. So one must … --- ## [Types of Directional Control Valve (DCV) based on the fluid path control](https://forumautomation.com/t/types-of-directional-control-valve-dcv-based-on-the-fluid-path-control/2645)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [May 15, 2020, 4:27pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/types-of-directional-control-valve-dcv-based-on-the-fluid-path-control/2645 "2020-05-15T16:27:45Z")
Directional Control Valves: A Directional Control Valve controls the direction of a fluid in the hydraulic system pass through. The device redirects or stops the fluid flow with the help of internal mechanism in the valv… --- ## [What are Deluge valves?, introduction, operation and What is deluge system,](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-deluge-valves-introduction-operation-and-what-is-deluge-system/5077)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 1, 2018, 2:39pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-are-deluge-valves-introduction-operation-and-what-is-deluge-system/5077 "2018-11-01T14:39:36Z")
What are deluge valves? Deluge valve is used in deluge systems and used for fast application of water in a spray system. Deluge valves are used under conditions that require the rapid application of large volumes of wate… --- ## [What is Zero Suppression and Zero Elevation?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-zero-suppression-and-zero-elevation/2631)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 12, 2017, 12:48am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-zero-suppression-and-zero-elevation/2631 "2017-11-12T00:48:10Z")
Basics of Zero Suppression and Zero Elevation (Range Suppression and Range Elevation) Head Pressure = (Density of Liquid) \* Acceleration Gravity \* Height H1 = Distance from transmitter to upper tap H2 = Distance fro… --- ## [What is SMART transmitter and HART transmitter ? Difference between SMART and HART device?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-smart-transmitter-and-hart-transmitter-difference-between-smart-and-hart-device/491)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 13, 2015, 10:30pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-smart-transmitter-and-hart-transmitter-difference-between-smart-and-hart-device/491 "2015-09-13T22:30:07Z")
HART = Highway Addressable Remote Transducer-. is a communication protocol. SMART = Single Modular Auto-ranging Remote Transducer. SMART instruments can be HART,FF or Profibus. SMART transmitters compared to analog tra… --- ## [Capacitance transducer types, applications and characteristics](https://forumautomation.com/t/capacitance-transducer-types-applications-and-characteristics/4998)
**Author:** [@divyasree](https://forumautomation.com/u/divyasree)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 24, 2018, 12:50am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/capacitance-transducer-types-applications-and-characteristics/4998 "2018-10-24T00:50:56Z")
Capacitance transducers are passive transducers that work on the principle of change of capacitance. Here we will discuss the principle, types, applications and advantages of the capacitance transducers. Design of a bas… --- ## [What is Heat exchanger? Applications of Heat exchangers](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-heat-exchanger-applications-of-heat-exchangers/6143)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 25, 2019, 4:05pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-heat-exchanger-applications-of-heat-exchangers/6143 "2019-03-25T16:05:42Z")
What is heat exchanger? Heat Exchanger (HE) is a heat exchanger equipment between two fluids with different temperatures and heat. One fluid gives heat, while the other receives heat. The need for fluids at a certain tem… --- ## [Automatic tank gauging / Level measurement of tank](https://forumautomation.com/t/automatic-tank-gauging-level-measurement-of-tank/7729)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [September 2, 2020, 7:16am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/automatic-tank-gauging-level-measurement-of-tank/7729 "2020-09-02T07:16:35Z")
What is Tank gauging? Tank gauging is the estimation of liquids in large storage tanks for the purpose of quantifying the fluid volume and density in the tanks. What is Automatic Tank Gauging? An automatic tank gage (AT… --- ## [Basics of Zirconia Oxygen analyzer/sensor & its working](https://forumautomation.com/t/basics-of-zirconia-oxygen-analyzer-sensor-its-working/3168)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 20, 2018, 5:52pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/basics-of-zirconia-oxygen-analyzer-sensor-its-working/3168 "2018-02-20T17:52:56Z")
The ZDT Oxygen Analyzer is designed for continuous monitoring of oxygen content in applications. Principle: The Zirconium oxide sensor usually is furnished in a convenient probe format for direct-in-line insertion. Th… --- ## [Basics of SIS SIF SIL (Safety Instrumented system Safety Instrumented Functions Safety Integrity level)](https://forumautomation.com/t/basics-of-sis-sif-sil-safety-instrumented-system-safety-instrumented-functions-safety-integrity-level/412)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [October 14, 2019, 12:30pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/basics-of-sis-sif-sil-safety-instrumented-system-safety-instrumented-functions-safety-integrity-level/412 "2019-10-14T12:30:23Z")
Basic overview of what SIL(Safety Integrity Level) is ? SIL is handled under IEC 61508. SIL is kind of umbrella standard for function safety across all industries.Compliance IEC 61508 ensures with compliance with indust… --- ## [How would you select a pressure gauge for a process?](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-would-you-select-a-pressure-gauge-for-a-process/208)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 27, 2014, 2:55am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/how-would-you-select-a-pressure-gauge-for-a-process/208 "2014-12-27T02:55:54Z")
While selecting a pressure gauge for a process, consider the following points: \_ Characteristic of the process (corrosive or non-corrosive) \_ Operating pressure \_ Maximum process pressure \_ The gauge range should… --- ## [Low pressure measurement gauges](https://forumautomation.com/t/low-pressure-measurement-gauges/3129)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 12, 2018, 6:56pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/low-pressure-measurement-gauges/3129 "2018-02-12T18:56:36Z")
Low-pressure measurement: It is impossible to measure very low pressure under atmospheric pressure(\<1.013 bar) with ordinary pressure measuring technique. Special devices have been developed for measurement of pressure… --- ## [Resistance level detectors - Working principle](https://forumautomation.com/t/resistance-level-detectors-working-principle/2409)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 8, 2017, 6:26pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/resistance-level-detectors-working-principle/2409 "2017-10-08T18:26:30Z")
Resistance Level Detectors detects level changes by the change in resistance of a partially submerged electrical element. Construction of Resistance Level Detectors The electrical sensing element consist of a precisio… --- ## [Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams Tutorials on Flow and Level Control](https://forumautomation.com/t/piping-and-instrumentation-diagrams-tutorials-on-flow-and-level-control/10663)
**Author:** [@Ajmal\_ismail](https://forumautomation.com/u/Ajmal_ismail)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 22, 2022, 5:24am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/piping-and-instrumentation-diagrams-tutorials-on-flow-and-level-control/10663 "2022-09-22T05:24:11Z")
In this article, we will study Flow and Level control through P&ID Diagrams Generally, we all know about the terms P&ID, Flow, and Level. In most process industries and in power plants the flow and level control of the … --- ## [What is the difference between Valve positioner and Position transmitter?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-difference-between-valve-positioner-and-position-transmitter/643)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 4, 2015, 2:14am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-the-difference-between-valve-positioner-and-position-transmitter/643 "2015-12-04T02:14:21Z")
Valve Positioner Valve positioner is responsible for actual accurate positioning of the valve based on PID loop output of 4-20mA DC/0-10 V DC from standalone PID controller or PLC/DCS/BMS loop. It can be electric valve … --- ## [What is an instrumentation air compressor? | what are the components of an instrumentation air compressor?](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-an-instrumentation-air-compressor-what-are-the-components-of-an-instrumentation-air-compressor/3848)
**Author:** [@AbhimanyuMWarrier](https://forumautomation.com/u/AbhimanyuMWarrier)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 12, 2018, 6:27pm UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-an-instrumentation-air-compressor-what-are-the-components-of-an-instrumentation-air-compressor/3848 "2018-06-12T18:27:17Z")
INSTRUMENTATION AIR COMPRESSOR In an instrumentation industry the field control devices like control valves are mostly pneumatic instruments, which need pressurized air to operate. An instrument air compressor control… --- ## [What is a magnetic sensor and types of magnetic sensor](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-magnetic-sensor-and-types-of-magnetic-sensor/7168)
**Author:** [@ashlin](https://forumautomation.com/u/ashlin)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [September 16, 2020, 9:32am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-magnetic-sensor-and-types-of-magnetic-sensor/7168 "2020-09-16T09:32:48Z")
What is a magnetic sensor A magnetic sensor is a device which is capable of sensing the magnetic field and extracting information from it and the information is related to the magnetic induction along an axis which is t… --- ## [Working principle of magnetic flowmeter](https://forumautomation.com/t/working-principle-of-magnetic-flowmeter/2749)
**Author:** [@sivaranjith](https://forumautomation.com/u/sivaranjith)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [December 29, 2025, 9:00am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/working-principle-of-magnetic-flowmeter/2749 "2025-12-29T09:00:42Z")
Magnetic flowmeter works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When an electrical conductor moves perpendicular to a magnetic field, a voltage is induced in that conductor perpendicular to both the magnetic flux… --- ## [Basics of Level Measurement - Working Principle and Types of Level Measurement](https://forumautomation.com/t/basics-of-level-measurement-working-principle-and-types-of-level-measurement/495)
**Author:** [@denizen](https://forumautomation.com/u/denizen)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [March 1, 2024, 4:34am UTC](https://forumautomation.com/t/basics-of-level-measurement-working-principle-and-types-of-level-measurement/495 "2024-03-01T04:34:35Z")
What is Level Measurement? Level measurement is a single dimension from a reference point. As shown tank level is measured, either by Inage method or Outage method. Each Manufacturer has a different Instruction Set. … [Next page](https://forumautomation.com/c/field-instrumentation/9.md?page=1&per_page=50)